Trans Hope Group Ltd

Major abbreviations

A
B
С
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z

A B С D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z

AbbreviationsValue

A

AAAlways Afloat
AAAAAlways Accessible Always Afloat
AAOSAAlways Afloat or Safe Aground. Condition for a vessel whilst in port
AARAAmsterdam-Antwerp-Rotterdam Area
ABAFTToward the rear (stern) of the ship. Behind.
ABOARDOn or within the ship
ABOVE DECKOn the deck (not over it – see ALOFT)
ABTAbout
ADCOMAddress Commission
ADDENDUMAdditional chartering terms at the end of a charter party
AFSPSArrival First Sea Pilot Station (Norway)
AFFREIGHTMENTThe hiring of a ship in whole or part
AFTAt or towards the stern or rear of a ship
AGROUNDTouching or fast to the bottom
AGWAll Going Well
AHLAustralian Hold Ladders
AIDS TO NAVIGATIONArtificial objects to supplement natural landmarks indicating safe and unsafe waters
ALOFTAbove the deck of the ship
AMIDSHIPSIn or toward the centre of the ship
A/NArrival Notice – an import document send to the notify party and/or importer's broker containing all necessary arrival info for Customs clearance; normally with freight charges.
ANCHORAGEA place suitable for anchorage in relation to the wind, seas and bottom
ANTHAMAntwerp-Hamburg Range
APSArrival Pilot Station
ARAGAmsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp-Gent Range
ARBITRATIONMethod of settling disputes which is usually binding on parties. A clause usually in a charter party
A/SAlongside
ASBAAmerican Shipbrokers Association
ASNAdvance Shipment Notice
ASPWAny Safe Port in the World
ASTERNIn the back of the ship, opposite of ahead
ATAActual time of arrival
ATDActual time of departure
ATDNSHINCAny Time Day/Night Sundays and Holidays Included
ATFIATFI
ATHWARTSHIPSAt right angles to the centreline of the ship
ATUTCActual Times Used to Count
AWBAir waybill

B

BACKLETTERWhere a seller/shipper issues a 'letter of indemnity' in favour of the carrier in exchange for a clean bill of lading
BAFBunker Adjustment Factor. A Fuel Surcharge expressed as a percentage added or subtracted from the freight amount, reflecting the movement in the market place price for bunkers.
BALE CAP.Cubic capacity of a vessels holds to carry packaged dry cargo such as bales/pallets
BALLASTHeavy weight, often sea water, necessary for the stability and safety of a ship which is not carrying cargo
BALLAST BONUSCompensation for relatively long ballast voyage
BAREBOAT CHTR.Bareboat Charter – Owners lease a specific ship and control its technical management and commercial operations only. Charterers take over all responsibility for the operation of the vessel and expenses for the duration.
BBBBefore Breaking Bulk. Refers to freight payments that must be received before discharge of a vessel commences
BDIBoth Dates Inclusive
BEAMThe maximum breadth or the greatest width of a ship
BELOWBeneath the deck
BENDSBoth Ends (Load & Discharge Ports)
BIBoth Inclusive
BIMCOThe Baltic and International Maritime Council
BLBale
B/L(Bill of Lading) A document signed by the carrier which acts as a Contract of Affreightment, a receipt and evidence of title to the cargo.
BMBeam
BNBooking Note
BOBBunker on Board
BOFFERBest Offer
BOWThe forward part of a ship
BROBBunkers Remaining on Board
BROKERAGEPercentage of freight payable to broker (by owners in c/p's) or applicable to sale or purchase
BSSBasis
BSS 1/1Basis 1 Port to 1 Port
BTBerth Terms
BULKHEADA vertical partition separating compartments
BUNDLINGThis is the assembly of pieces of cargo, secured into one manageable unit. This is relevant to items such as Structural Steel, Handrails, Stairways etc. Whilst this is a very flexible description, a rule of thumb is to present cargo at a size easily handled by a large (20 tonne) fork lift.
BUNKERSName given for vessels Fuel and Diesel Oil supplies (Originates from coal bunkers)
BUOYAn anchored float used for marking a position on the water or a hazard or a shoal and for mooring
BWADBrackish Water Arrival Draft

C

CAFCurrency Adjustment Factor. A fee applied to the shipping costs to compensate for exchange rate fluctuations.
CBMCubic Metres
CBFT (or CFT)Cubic Feet
CFR (or C & F)Cost and Freight
CHARTA map used by navigators
CHOPTCharterers Option
CHTRSCharterers
CIFCost, Insurance & Freight. Seller pays all these costs to a nominated port or place of discharge.
CKDCompletely knocked down
COAContract of Affreightment – Owners agree to accept a cost per revenue tonne for cargo carried on a specific number of voyages.
CIPCarriage and Insurance paid to...
C.O.Certificate of Origin – a signed statement from a semiofficial organization certifying the origin of an export item, required by certain nations.
COACPContract of Affreightment Charter Party
COBClosing of Business
COBLDNClosing of Business London
CODCash On Delivery
COGSACarriage of Goods by Sea Act
CONGESTIONPort/berth delays
CONSConsumption
CNEECONSIGNEE. Name of agent, company or person receiving consignment
COPCustom Of Port
CP (or C/P)Charter Party
CPDCharterers Pay Dues
CPTCarriage Paid To
CQDCustomary Quick Despatch
CRCurrent Rate
CROBCargo Remaining on Board
CRNCrane
CRTCargo Retention Clauses, introduced by charterers based on shortage of delivered cargo because of increased oil prices
CSTCentistoke
CTRContainer Fitted

D

DADisbursement Account
DAFDeliver At Frontier
DAPSDays all Purposes (Total days for loading & discharging)
DAMFORDETDamages for Detention. Penalty if cargo is not ready when ship arrives for working (1st day of Laycan). This is not detention which is charged for ships time on delay. If the cargo is ready there is no DAMFORDET.
DDUDelivered Duty unpaid.
DDPDelivered Duty Paid.
DECKA permanent covering over a compartment, hull or any part thereof
DEMDemurrage (Quay Rent). Money paid by the shipper for the occupying port space beyond a specified "Free Time" period.
DEQDelivered Ex Quay
DESDelivered Ex Ship
DESPDespatch. Time saved, reward for quick turnaround – in dry cargo only
DETDetention (See DAMFORDET)
DEVDeviation. Vessel departure from specified voyage course
DFRTDeadfreight. Space booked by shipper or charterer on a vessel but not used
DHDATSBEDespatch Half Demurrage on All Time Saved Both Ends
DHDWTSBEDespatch Half Demurrage on Working Time Saved Both Ends
DISCHDischarge
DKDeck
DLOSPDropping Last Outwards Sea Pilot (Norway)
DODiesel Oil
DOLSPDropping Off Last Sea Pilot (Norway)
DOPDropping Outward Pilot
DOTDepartment of Transport
DNRCAOSLONLDiscountless and Non-Returnable Cargo and/or Ship Lost or Not Lost
DRAUGHT (or DRAFT)Depth to which a ship is immersed in water. The depth varies according to the design of the ship and will be greater or lesser depending not only on the weight of the ship and everything on board, but also on the density of the water in which the ship is lying.
DRKDerrick
DUNNAGEMaterials of various types, often timber or matting, placed among the cargo for separation, and hence protection from damage, for ventilation and, in the case of certain cargoes, to provide space in which the tynes of a fork lift truck may be inserted.
DWAT (or DWT)Deadweight. Weight of cargo, stores and water, i.e. the difference between lightship and loaded displacement.

E

EBBA receeding current
ECEast Coast
EIUEven If Used
ELVENTElectric Ventilation
ETAEstimated Time of Arrival – the projected date and time a shipment is scheduled to arrive at its destination.
ETCEstimated Time of Completion
ETDEstimated Time of Departure – the projected date and time a shipment is scheduled to depart from the port/airport of origin.
ETSEstimated Time of Sailing
EXWEx Works

F

FACFast as can
FASFree Alongside Ship. Seller delivers goods to appropriate dock or terminal at port of embarkation and buyer covers costs and risks of loading
FCAFree to Carrier. A modern equivalent of FAS used in intermodal transport where goods are transferred at a nominated forwarders premises, depot or terminal but not actually on board vessel.
FCLFull Container Load – a container that is fully loaded by cargo, occupying all space, or loaded to the maximum permissable weight. It can contain cargo from multiple shippers, but normally is consigned to the same consignee. The shipment is expected to be delivered to the consignee with the shipper's seal intact.
FD (FDIS)Free Discharge
FDDFreight Demurrage Deadfreight
FDESPFree Despatch
FDEDANRSAOCLONLFreight Deemed Earned, Discountless And Non-Returnable (Refundable) Ship And Or Cargo Lost Or Not Lost
FENDERA cushion, placed between ships, or between a ship and a pier, to prevent damage
FEUStandard 40’ Container, forty-foot equivalent unit, a standard size intermodal container.
FHEXFridays/Holidays Excluded
FHINCFridays/Holidays Included
FILOFree In/Liner Out. Seafreight with which the shipper pays load costs and the carrier pays for discharge costs.
FIOFree In/Out. Freight booked FIO includes the seafreight, but no loading/discharging costs, i.e. the charterer pays for cost of loading/discharging cargo.
FIOSFree In/Out Stowed. As per FIO, but excludes stowage costs.
FIOSTFree In/Out and Trimmed. Charterer pays for cost of loading/discharging cargo, including stowage and trimming.
FIOTFree In/Out and Trimmed. As per FIOS but includes trimming, e.g. the levelling of bulk cargoes. FIOS includes seafreight, but excludes loading/discharging and stowage costs.
FITFree In Trimmed
FIWFree In Wagon
FIXINGChartering a Vessel
FIXTUREConclusion of shipbrokers negotiations to charter a ship – an agreement
FLATPACKINGCargo to be presented stacked and secured as an integral unit.
FLTFull Liner Terms
FMCFederal Maritime Commission
FMEForce Majeure Excepted
FMSFathoms
FOFor Orders
FO (IFO)Fuel Oil/Intermediate FO
FOFree Out
FOBFree on Board. Seller sees the goods over the ship’s rail" on to the ship which is arranged and paid for by the buyer
FOFFERFirm Offer
FOGFor Our Guidance
FOQFree On Quay
FORFree On Rail
FORCE MAJEUREClause limiting responsibilities of the charterers, shippers and receivers of cargo.
FORE-AND-AFTIn a line parallel to the keel
FORWARDToward the bow of the ship
FOTFree On Truck
FOWFirst Open Water
FOWFree On Wharf
FPFree Pratique. Clearance by the Health Authorities
FRFirst Refusal. First attempt at best offer that can be matched
FREEBOARDThe minimum vertical distance from the surface of the water to the gunwale
FRTFreight. Money payable on delivery of cargo in a mercantile condition
FREE DESPATCHIf loading/discharging achieved sooner than agreed, there will be no freight money returned.
FREE EXINSFree of any Extra Insurance (Owners)
FREE OUTFree of discharge costs to owners. Includes seafreight only.
FRUSTRATIONCharterers when cancelling agreement sometimes quote 'doctrine of frustration' i.e. vessel is lost, extensive delays.
FWADFresh Water Arrival Draft
FWDDFresh Water Departure Draft
FYGFor Your Guidance
FYIFor Your Information

G

GAGeneral Average
GEARA general term for ropes, blocks, tackle and other equipment
GLS (GLESS)Gearless
GNCNGencon (GENERAL CONDITIONS)
GN (or GR)Grain (Capacity)
GOGas Oil
GPGrain Capacity. Cubic capacity in 'grain'
GRGeographical Rotation. Ports in order of calling
GRDGeared
GRIGeneral Rate Increase. Used to describe an across-the-board tariff rate increase implemented by conference members and applied to base rates.
GRTGross Registered Tonnage
GSBGood, Safe Berth
GSPGood, Safe Port
GTEEGuarantee
GUNWALEThe upper edge of a ship's sides

H

2HSecond Half
HAHatch
HAGUE RULESCode of minimum conditions for the carriage of cargo under a Bill of Lading
HATCHAn opening in a ship's deck fitted with a watertight cover
HBFHarmless Bulk Fertilizer
HDLTSBENDSHalf Despatch Lay Time Saved Both Ends
HDWTSHalf Despatch Working (or Weather) Time Saved
HHDWHandy Heavy d.w. (Scrap)
HIRET/C Remuneration
HMSHeavy Metal Scraps
HOHold
HOLDA compartment below deck in a large vessel, used solely for carrying cargo
HULLThe main body of a ship
HWHigh Water

I

ICWIntercoastal Waterway: bays, rivers, and canals along the coasts (such as the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts), connected so that vessels may travel without going into the sea
IMDGInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
IMOInternational Maritime Organisation
IN &/OR OVERGoods carried below and/or on deck
INCOTERMS(Refer to comments in covering statement on front page A-F)
INDIndication
INTERMODALCarriage of a commodity by different modes of transport, i.e. sea, road, rail and air within a single journey
ITFInternational Transport Workers Federation (Trade Unions). Complies on crewing
ISPSInternational Ships and Port Security System
ITINERARYRoute.Schedule
IUIf Used
IUHTAUTCIf Used, Half Time Actually To Count
IWLInstitute Warranty Limits

K

KEELThe centreline of a ship running fore and aft; the backbone of a vessel
KNOTA measurement of speed equal to one nautical mile (6,076 feet) per hour

L

LANE METERA method of measuring the space capacity of Ro/Ro ships whereby each unit of space (Linear Meter) is represented by an area of deck 1.0 meter in length x 2.0 meters in width.
LASHTo hold goods in position by use of Ropes, Wires, Chains or Straps etc.
LATLatitude. The distance north or south of the equator measured and expressed in degrees.
LAYCANLaycan (Layday Cancelling Date)
LAYTIMETime at Charterers disposal for purpose of loading/discharging
L/CLetter of Credit
LCLLess than Container Load – a shipment that takes up only a portion of a consolidated container. LCL shpts are to be picked up at a CFS only, whereas FCL are to be picked up at a container yard/terminal.
LCRLowest Current Rate
LEEThe side sheltered from the wind
LEEWARDThe direction away from the wind. Opposite of windward
LEEWAYThe sideways movement of the ship caused by either wind or current
LFLoad Factor. Percentage of cargo or passengers carries e.g. 4,000 tons carried on a vessel of 10,000 capacity has a load factor of 40%
LIENRetention of property until outstanding debt is paid
LNGLiquefied Natural Gas
LOALength Overall of the vessel
LOAD LINESee PLIMSOLL LINE
LOFLloyds Open Form
LOGA record of courses or operation. Also, a device to measure speed
LOILetter of Indemnity
LONGITUDEThe distance in degrees east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England
LOWLast Open Water
LS (or LUMPS)Lumpsum Freight. Money paid to Shipper for a charter of a ship (or portion) up to stated limit irrespective of quantity of cargo
LSDLashed Secured Dunnaged
LTLiner Terms
LTLong Ton = 1,016.05 kilogram (2,240 lbs)
LTHHLiner Terms Hook/Hook
LWLow Water
LYCNLaycan (Layday Cancelling Date)

M

MANIFESTInventory of cargo on board
MBMerchant Broker
MDO (DO)Marine Diesel Oil
MIDSHIPApproximately in the location equally distant from the bow and stern
MIN/MAXMinimum/Maximum (cargo quantity)
MOAMemorandum of Agreement
MOLCHOPTMore or Less Charterers Option
MOLOOMore or Less Owners Option
MOORINGAn arrangement for securing a ship to a mooring buoy or pier
MTMertic Tonne (i.e. 1,000 kilos)
M/VMotor Vessel / Merchant Vessel

N

NAABSANot Always Afloat But Safely Aground
NMNautical Mile. One minute of latitude; approximately 6,076 feet – about 1/8 longer than the statute mile of 5,280 feet
NAVIGATIONThe art and science of conducting a ship safely from one point to another
NCBNational Cargo Bureau
NESTINGImplies that cargo is presented stacked in the contour of similarly shaped cargo, it may be likened to a stack of plates. This is particularly relevant in the presentation of tankage strakes for transport
NON-REVERSIBLE(Detention). If loading completed sooner than expected, then saved days will not be added to discharge time allowed.
NORNotice of Readiness
NRTNet Restricted Tonnage
NYPENew York Produce Exchange

O

OOOwners Option
OBOOre/Bulk/Oil Vessel
OSHOpen Shelter Deck
OVERBOARDOver the side or out of the ship
OWSOwners

P

P & IProtection and Indemnity Insurance
PASTUSPast Us
PCPeriod of Charter
PCGOPart Cargo
PCTPercent
PDPRPer Day Pro Rata
PERDIEMBy the Day
PER SEBy Itself
PHPDPer Hatch Per Day
PLIMSOLL MARK
alt. PLIMSOLL LINE
alt. LOAD LINE
An internationally recognised line painted on the side of merchant ships. When a ship is loaded, the water level is not supposed to go above the line. Water can reach different parts of the line as its temperature and saltiness varies with the season and location. From where Plimsoll Shipping derived its name.
PORTThe left side of a ship looking forward. A harbour.
PRATIQUELicence or permission to use a port
PREAMBLEIntroduction to a charter party
PROFORMAEstimated Account
PUSPlus Us
PWWDPer Weather Working Day

R

RCVRReceiver
RECAPRecapitulation of the terms and conditions agreed
REVERSIBLE(Detention). If loading completed sooner than expected at load port, then days saved can be added to discharge operations.
ROBRemaining On Board
RTRevenue Tonne (i.e. 1.0 metric tonne or 1.0 cubic meter, whichever greater). The overall RT is calculated on a line by line basis of the Packing List using the largest amount. The overall freight liability is calculated on the total RT amount, multiplied by the freight rate.

S

SATPMSaturday P.M.
SBSafe Berth
SD (or SID)Single Decker
SEAFREIGHTCosts charged for transporting goods over the sea. This does not cover haulage or loading/discharging costs but the sea transport only
SEAWORTHINESSStatement of condition of the vessel (valid certificates, fully equipped and manned etc.)
SELFDSelf Discharging
SEMI-TRAILERSAre usually 12.0 meter flat bed road trailers
SFStowage Factor. Cubic space (measurement tonne) occupied by one tonne (2,240 lbs/1,000 kgs) of cargo
SHINCSundays/Holidays Included
SHEXSundays/Holidays Excluded
SHPRShipper – the party in whose name a contract of carriage of goods has been concluded with at carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage.
SKIDSAre bearers (timber or steel) positioned under the cargo to enable forklift handling at port, and for ease of rigging and lashing on board ship.
SNSatellite Navigation – A form of position finding using radio transmissions from satellites with sophisticated on-board automatic equipment
SOCShipper Owned Container
SOFStatement of Facts
SPSafe Port
SPIDERINGIs the strengthening of circular tanks for transport, this prevents the tanks from becoming warped. The tanks are strengthened with steel or wood crossbeams giving a "spider" appearance
SRBLSigning and Releasing Bill of Lading
SSHEXSaturdays, Sundays, Holidays Excluded
SSHINC (or SATSHINC)Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays Included
STABILITYIt is paramount that a vessel is stable in all aspects at all times. When cargo is loaded/discharged, the stability is monitored by a computer, which takes into account the weight and position of cargo within the vessel.
STARBOARDRight side of a ship when facing the front or forward end.
STEMSubject to Enough Merchandise (Availability of cargo). Also, the forward most part of the bow.
STERNThe aformost or after part of a ship
SUBSubject (to). Depending upon as a condition
SUPERCARGOPerson employed by a ship owner, shipping company, charterer of a ship or shipper of goods to supervise cargo handling operations. Often called a port captain.
SWADSalt Water Arrival Draft
SWDDSalt Water Departure Draft

T

THWARTSHIPSAt right angles to the centreline of the ship
TIDEThe periodic rise and fall of water level in the oceans
TIME BARTime after which legal claims will not be entered
TBNTo Be Named / To Be Nominated
TCTime Charter – Owners agree to hire a particular shitd style=p for a set length of time and provide technical management, crewing etc.
TCPTime Charter Party
TEUStandard 20' Container, twenty-foot equivalent unit, a standard size intermodal container.
TOPSIDESThe sides of a ship between the waterline and the deck; sometimes referring to onto or above the deck
T/STranshipment – a shipping arrangement in which a shipment is discharged of the vessel at an intermediate port enroute and subsequently reloaded to another vessel for carriage to its final destinationl
TRIMFore and aft balance of a ship
TTLTotal
TWTween Decker

U

USCUnless Sooner Commenced
UUUnless Used
UUIWCTAUTCUnless Used In Which Case Time Actually Used To Count

V

VPDVessel Pays Dues

W

WATERLINEA line painted on a hull which shows the point to which a ship sinks when it is properly trimmed
WAYMovement of a ship through water such as headway, sternway or leeway
WCCONWhether Customs Cleared Or Not
WIBONWhether In Berth Or Not
WIFPONWhether In Free Pratique Or Not
WINDWARDToward the direction from which the wind is coming
WIPONWhether In Port Or Not
WLTOHCWater Line-To-Hatch Coaming
WOGWithout Guarantee
WPWeather Permitting. That time during which weather prevents working shall not count as laytime
WPDWeather Permitting Day
WWDWeather Working Day
WRICWire Rods In Collis
WWRWhen, Where Ready
WWWWWibon, Wccon, Wifpon, Wipon

Y

YARYork Antwerp Rules
YAWTo swing or steer off course, as when running with a quartering sea

Z

ZUTC = GMT